Western Financial System versus the East Asian Financial System Term Paper

Essays on Western Financial System versus the East Asian Financial System Term Paper The paper â€Å"Western Financial System versus the East Asian Financial System" is a thoughtful example of a term paper on finance accounting. The development of economies worldwide is based on specific criteria; these criteria can be differentiated in accordance with the local ethics and culture, the position of a country in the international community and the resources available – funds and skilled employees – for the realization of the relevant projects. The financial crisis of 2007 of 1997 was used by many people in order to prove that eastern financial systems are not as strong as initially estimated by researchers. The current paper focuses on the examination of the merits of the Eastern Financial system towards its Western rival. The studies of Goodhart and Johnson – referring to the above systems – are critically discussed. It is proved that the Eastern financial system offers higher security – compared to the Western financial system. In this context, the views included in the study of Goodhart - that is supportive towards the Eastern financial system – are verified; the views of Johnson are important – in terms of the issue under discussion – and they are critically discussed in order to have more chances to highlight all aspects of these study’s issues. Assumptions are made in regard to the merits of both these systems but also the potential superiority of one of the – reference is made to the Asian Financial system; the views published in the literature in regard to the specific subject are also used – at the level that has been considered as important for supporting the arguments stated in the paper.Western and Eastern financial model in the study of GoodhartThe views of Goodhart on the Western and Asian financial system are based on the critical examination of certain aspects of these systems; particular attention has been paid on the responses of these systems to the crisis of 1997-98 but also to the recession of the period 2007-2009 – a recession that is still in progress.Goodhart notes that the ability of the Western (called also Anglo-Saxon) financial system and the Eastern financial system to respond to the crisis need to be evaluated by referring primarily to the structure of these systems; at the next level, the effects of these systems on the national economy can be identified. It is proved that the differences in these system’s potentials against financial crises can be explained based on these systems’ elements and roles in the context of a particular social, political and economic environment.In accordance with Goodhart the main weakness of the Anglo-Saxon model is the fact that ‘stability carries within itself the seeds of future instability’ (Goodhart, p.9); in the context of the Western financial system, the above fact has led to the high exposure of banks to risk by expanding leverage (Goodhart, p. 9). Of course, the activities of all financial institutions of the Western financial system are regulated by the rules of the Basel II – however, the existence of the above legislative framework had not the result expected; because of the above text, a Western financial system. The above problem is highlighted by Goodhart who notes that ‘the adoption of the pro-cyclical combination of Basel II and mark to market accounting served to hide the fragility of the over-extended financial and banking positions both from the regulators and from the regulated’ (Goodhart, p.9). Furthermore, existing regulation of firms that operate in the financial services sector – referring to the Western financial system – is not appropriately developed – in terms of the priorities set by its rules; in this way, the non-compliance with theIn the study of Goodhart, it is made clear that the responses of the Western financial system to a financial crisis can be explai ned by referring also to this system’s macroeconomic structure; the regulation of this system has been also regarded as being responsible for this system’s failure to face the crises of 1997-1998 and 2007-2009. The macroeconomic structure of the Western financial system is characterized by the key role of the executives – the power of these individuals is extended at such a level that their decisions can be differentiated from.The Asian Financial system is considered by Goodhart to be more stable – compared to the Western Financial system; Goodhart has tried to identify the value of the Asian Financial system by examining this system’s structure but also its practical implications – as they could be identified through studying the operational practices of the banks of 4 Asian countries – Japan, China, India, and Indonesia. It was revealed that the Asian Financial system should be preferred as it has two critical advantages – co mpared to its Western rival: a) a high percentage of the local banking system is owned and controlled by the state and b) the terms of lending to individuals and firms are closely monitored by the relevant authorities – a fact leading to the increase of the credibility of Asian Financial System (Goodhart, p.6); the comparison of the two systems, the Western and the Asian ones by Goodhart leads to the assumption that both these systems have their benefits and disadvantages; in any case, the Asian Financial system seems to be suggested by Goodhart as a financial system of high, it is suggested by Goodhart that a new – unified – system could be introduced meeting the requirements of both systems (the Western and the Asia ones).The view of Simon Johnson on Western and Eastern financial model – critical analysis of the article ‘Quite Coup’In the same context with Goodhart, Johnson has tried to identify the advantages and the weaknesses of the West ern and the Eastern financial systems; his study aims to explain the terms under which countries worldwide have to ask for the support of the IMF; it is at this point that the term ‘Eastern’ takes a different meaning – compared to the one used by Goodhart. More specifically, in accordance with Johnson, the governments in Eastern countries tend to use a specific practice: to develop expensive projects which are based exclusively on that the failures in using the capital borrowed can lead to severe turbulences; in the case of Russia it is noted that the country’s entrepreneurs borrowed a significant amount of money the last 5 years aiming to increase their commercial activities; however, the recession led to severe delays in all industrial sectors; the reduction of profits led to severe pressures for the repayment of the loans; and in this way, the borrowed capital has worked as a trap for the local investors. It is implied that the terms of borrowing need t o be carefully examined each time that the external funding is required for the achievement of specific business plans. Another example of the factors that can lead to a financial crisis is the one of US; in the specific case Johnson notes that ‘elite business interests—financiers, in the case of the U.S.—played a central role in creating the crisis, making ever-larger gambles, with the implicit backing of the government’ (Johnson, 2009); again the crisis is not related with a specific financial system; the USA which is based on a Western financial model was proved unable to confront the crisis; at the next level, the expansion of the crisis has been quite rapid indicating the lack of mechanisms for protecting the market from such threats. Despite the crisis, the support of Johnson towards the Western financial model is clear; it is noted that the radical development of the financial services sector in the USA has been related with a series of factors incl uding ‘the monetary policy and relevant interest rates, the invention of securitization and credit-default swaps’ (Johnson, 2009); the above policies were appropriately structured and promoted; the financial development of the country was carefully planned – the failures related with financial products promoted by a specific team of individuals cannot be considered, in accordance to Johnson, as a key indicator regarding the potentials of the USA economy; on the contrary, in the case of eastern financial system – Johnson refers to the example of Russia – no similar basis for the development of the country’s economy seems to exist. Of course the financial policies of the two countries cannot be the same during to the geopolitical and cultural differences of the above regions; however, even under these terms, Johnson clearly supports the superiority of the Western financial system towards the Eastern financial system. At this point, Johnson is d ifferentiated from Goodhart who emphasizes the important characteristics of the Asian financial system.Western versus Eastern financial model – identification and evaluation of merits using the studies of Goodhart and Johnson and the literatureIn accordance with the studies of Goodhart and Johnson, the Western Financial System has the following merits: a) development of the financial system in a free market; this an advantage of the Western financial system highlighted by Johnson; in this market the development of commercial and financial activities is free – not controlled by an oligarch – a political system which is often identified in eastern countries in accordance with Johnson; the existence of a free market in the Western Financial system has been proved as related with risks; in fact, it was in this free market that the expansion of faulty financial products was permitted; the result was the crisis of the 2007 onwards – an extremely powerful crisis the effects of which are extremely strong compared to the effects of the crisis of 1997-1998 in Asia which did not negatively affect the global market at this level, b) regulation by specific rules the application of which can be controlled by relevant international authorities – referring to the Basel rules on the banking regulation; on the contrary in the eastern financial system no common regulatory framework can be identified among the countries that are based on the eastern (Asian) financial model; this merit of the Western Financial system is highlighted by Goodhart. However, the Basel rules and the rest of the rules regulating the financial services activities in the Western financial system are not used strictly by the individuals and firms that work on the financial services industry; in this context the existence of specific regulation cannot be actually considered as a merit of the Western Financial system – a fact also noted by Goodhart who supports the su periority of the Eastern financial model as having fewer chances to lead to crises like the one of 2007-2009.As for the Asian Financial system, its merits were highlighted in the study of Goodhart; no comments on the potential positive aspects of the Eastern Financial system were made by Johnson; using the study of Goodhart the following merits of the Eastern financial system can be identified: a) the market is not depended on the initiatives of individuals – executives; rather the state has the control of the market; this means that initiatives that could threaten the national economy are likely to be avoided in the Eastern Financial model; b) lending is not approachable by all; criteria are set ensuring the protection of the system by severe turbulences – a risk that was not avoided in the US market which was heavily depended on faulty financial products – referring mostly to the subprime products; as the repayment of loans in the US market started to present delays the pressures on the local market became extremely strong; in the Eastern financial system this risk is limited since the level of lending is closely monitored; a potential delay in the repayment of loans cannot threaten the global economy – like in the case of crisis that first appeared in the US market which is based on the Western Financial System.It is concluded that the Eastern Financial System has more advantages compared to the Western Financial System; the risks involved in the Eastern Financial System are low – compared to the risks involved in the Western Financial System. This fact is also highlighted in the literature; in accordance with Noble et al. (2000) two are the most important merits of the Eastern Financial system: ‘the security and the community’ (Noble et al., 2000, p.14); on the other hand, Henke et al. (2000, p.158) emphasize on the importance of the control of the state on the activities developed in the context of the Easte rn Financial market. Another significant advantage of the Eastern Financial model seems to be its dependency ‘on bank loans than on securities markets’ (Caprio, 1998, p.4); on the other hand, the successful ‘transition to a market economy model’ (Ariff et al., 2000, p.5) seems to be a significant advantage for the countries that are based on the Eastern Financial System; an example of such country is China which managed to effectively respond to the transition of its economy into a market-economy mode. On the other hand, Gup (2000, p.85) notes that the countries based on the Eastern Financial system are able to stabilize the performance of their economy – even against too severe turbulence in the international market – when they introduce the necessary regulatory reforms (Mishkin, 2007, p.63). The risk for corruption and the moral hazards in the Eastern Financial system should not be regarded as exclusive disadvantages of this system – as noted by Lee (1998, p.14); in the Western financial system also such phenomena are common – as proved through the current crisis. In fact, the Eastern financial system can lead to the increase of the stability of the local economy – only under the terms that measures are taken for the limitation of corruption and the introduction of appropriate regulatory rules (Hassan et al., 2004, p.40).ConclusionThe crisis of the period 2007-2009 and the previous crisis of the period 1997-1998 have been used as events indicating the failures of financial systems worldwide; the first crisis started in a market based on the Western financial system; the second crisis is related with the Eastern Financial system. It seems that both these systems have strengths and weaknesses; in the context of the modern market, the comparison of these systems – using the studies of Goodhart and Johnson and the literature – has led to the assumption that the Eastern Financial system sh ould be preferred – instead of its Western rival; the reasons on which this suggestion is based are analyzed in the previous section. The Eastern financial system is offered for higher security – due to the intervention of the state – and higher stability – due to the limitation in the loans available in the market (Siddiqui, 2008, p.57, Lastra, 2004, p.225); it has been proved that the appropriate reform of the regulatory framework of the Eastern Financial system would increase the superiority of this system towards the Western Financial system which is highly regulated but no effective mechanism exists for the control of the alignment of the investment and banking activities with the terms set by the relevant laws.

Statistical Applications Free Essays

The pie chart shows percentage among adults with diagnosed diabetes receiving treatment of insulin or oral medication. It is normally used to present the data. I believe that this was a proper graph used to present the data. We will write a custom essay sample on Statistical Applications or any similar topic only for you Order Now The information is clear. The data was presented in a good visual that I could recognize the patterns and trends. The colors used to differentiate type of treatment are helpful. Was this the best way to display the data? What other types of graphs could have been used? This is the most appropriate chart for this type of data presentation. The Pie chart was the best way to present and display the data. Another type of graph or chart that could have been used is the bar graph. Both are graphs showing proportion. They produce the same information just in different forms Is the scope and scale of the graph appropriate? Why or why not? The scale of the chart was appropriate for the article and how it was presented. This article was part of a journal article and the chart had to be inserted into the article so the scale was appropriate. Does the chart or graph support the findings in the article? Why or why not? The pie chart was described clearly in the article with percentage and the type of treatment. The article also unclouded the source of data, it has the credential to the reader. How to cite Statistical Applications, Papers

Martin Luther King vs. Thoreau free essay sample

Written over 114 years after Henry David Thoreau’s essay â€Å"Civil Disobedience†, Martin Luther King wrote his most famous essay; â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail. † In the times of Henry David Thoreau there was only one topic of politics in the United States, slavery. Many southerners wanted to keep slavery while many northerners were against it. Henry David Thoreau was a white northerner that was against slavery, and he was willing to go to jail for it. He proved that in writing his famous letter. In the letter Thoreau describes what it means to be civilly disobedient. In Thoreau’s terms, Civil Disobedience is standing up peacefully against laws you do not think are moral. He was civilly disobedient in not paying poll taxes for over six years because he knew the money was used to support slavery. Martin Luther King was a great civil rights leader that lived in the period of the Civil Rights Movement. We will write a custom essay sample on Martin Luther King vs. Thoreau or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page King went to jail for a peaceful march against racial hatred after he was specifically told not to march. He was put in a jail in Birmingham for eight days; this is when he wrote his famous letter in response to a letter from eight Alabama clergymen. He was arguing against racial hatred and used the effects of ethos, pathos, and logos to attain his argument. Although Thoreau is formal with his writing and uses plenty of logical reasoning to attain his point, King is more like likely t move the readers due to his ability to reach your emotional side, and his credibility as a leader of the Civil Rights Movement. Thoreau was not the best with pathos, but he did do some things well with his emotional appeal. At one point in the essay, he argues that people are more worried about money and their jobs than they care about humanity. Thoreau says, â€Å"Merchants and Farmers here, who are more interested in commerce and agriculture than they are in humanity†. This line effectively reaches the emotional side due to its speaking of humanity. Overall, Thoreau is not good at involving emotional appeal in his essay. King does a fantastic job at reaching the emotional side. King talks about his family and fellow brothers and sisters being treated with pure hatred. He states, â€Å"I doubt you would have so warmly commended the police force if you had seen its dogs sinking teeth in the unarmed, nonviolent Negroes†. He makes people realize that the police force they have been honoring may not be as good of people as most people presumed. It takes a lot of hatred for people to order attack dogs to attack a nonviolent, unarmed man, no matter what his skin tone may be; it is pure hate. King still did well in his essay with ethical appeal, but this was Thoreau’s forte. Thoreau uses ethical ideas and makes statements that really make the reader question their beliefs prior to reading his essay. â€Å"But Paley appears never to have contemplated those to which the rule of expediency does not apply, in which a people, as well as an individual must do justice, cost what it may. † This excerpt shows the need for justice no matter what the cost is, what the laws of the present time may be, but you need to do whatever is right. King uses ethical appeal well in a couple places of his essay. One of these places is where King says, â€Å"Even so I am sure that if I had lived in Germany at the time, I would have an idea†. King is proving that the hatred in the United States is so atrocious, that even if he lived in a place with equal rights among men such as Germany, the hatred would still be palpable from all the way across the world. King and Thoreau both wrote exquisite essays, but overall Kings ability to reach the emotional side wins in the end. Although Thoreau was very logical and had an outstanding ethical appeal, King reached all inner emotions altering peoples’ minds change from their hatred. In the end, both the issues of slavery and the issues of social hatred have been resolved for the most part. Slavery was the predecessor to the Civil Rights Movement, so in turn Martin Luther King could not have possibly done what he did without people like Henry David Thoreau. People like Thoreau gave slaves their freedom in the first place, which gave them the opportunity to fight for their rights; Martin Luther King heard that message loud and clear when he became the most prestigious member ever of the Civil Rights Movement.

Zaevon Prince Essays (409 words) - Education, Educational Psychology

Zaevon Prince 25 February 2016 The use of the Laptop with in the University There are many factors that play into the debate upon students use of laptops during lectures, in universities all over the country. Undergraduate students begin to feel limited to the variety of ways they are allowed to take notes; as well as a high percentage of graduate students ranging in the ages of twenty-three to twenty-seven. This is a common misconception when it comes to both the relationship between the professor and the student. Many students believe that the use of the laptop encourages students to presumably fact check, and or go beyond lecture in order to understand the topic at hand. In many ways, a respectfully amount of Professors believe that students in both Unde rgrad and Graduate are easily distracted by the device and are easily able to drift off from lecture to endure other endeavors outside of appropriate classroom etiquette. This causes a divide amongst both students and professors, which some students agree that the use of the laptop in class is some thing that helps improve the way they take notes. While some Professors believe that the use of them are a distraction and takes away from the concentration of lecture. In the article, there is an evident divide amongst the classroom etiquette, and the use of laptops in the case of note taking and following lecture. According to the article, it suggests that the majority of students are concrete about having their laptops in class during lecture. The article also suggest that Professors also have their concerns about the level of engagement within the classroom and the level of professionalism when it comes to the use of laptops in class. The article also indicates that there is a level of expectation from both the student and the Professor. This article is an example of the way many professors all over the country are reacting as to why students us the laptop in order to take notes, and or use it during that time for other purposes. This is a very alarming situation, primarily because it is a common debate amongst University staff here at Bowie State. Many professors believe that students should remain opened to working without the la ptop and stick to pen and paper. Although, there is a divide amongst teachers and students; students seem to maneuver between focus and being distracted.

Understanding Nominal Interest Rates

Understanding Nominal Interest Rates Nominal interest rates are the rates advertised for investments or loans that do not factor in the rate of inflation. The primary difference between nominal interest rates and real interest rates is, in fact, simply whether or not they factor in the rate of inflation in any given market economy. It is, therefore, possible to have a nominal interest rate of zero or even a negative number if the rate of inflation is equal to or less than the interest rate of the loan or investment; a zero nominal interest rate occurs when the  interest rate  is the same as the inflation rate - if inflation is 4% then interest rates are 4%. Economists have a variety of explanations for what causes a zero interest rate to occur, including whats known as a liquidity trap, which predictions of market stimulus fail, resulting in an economic recession because of consumers and investors hesitation to let go of liquidated capital (cash in hand). Zero Nominal Interest Rates   If you lent or borrowed for a year at a zero real interest rate, you would be exactly back where you started at the end of the year. I loan $100 to someone, I get back $104, but now what cost $100 before costs $104 now, so Im no better off. Typically nominal interest rates are positive, so people have some incentive to lend money. During a recession, however, central banks tend to lower nominal interest rates in order to spur investment in machinery, land, factories, and the like. In this scenario, if they cut interest rates too quickly, they can start to approach the level of inflation, which will  often arise when interest rates are cut since these cuts have a stimulative effect on the economy. A rush of money flowing into and out of a system could flood its gains and result in net losses for lenders when the market inevitably stabilizes. What Causes a Zero Nominal Interest Rate? According to some economists, a zero nominal interest rate can be caused by a liquidity trap: The Liquidity trap is a Keynesian idea; when expected returns from investments in securities or real plant and equipment are low, investment falls, a recession begins, and cash holdings in banks rise; people and businesses then continue to hold cash because they expect spending and investment to be low - this is a self-fulfilling trap. There is a way we can avoid the liquidity trap and, for real interest rates to be negative, even if nominal interest rates are still positive - it occurs if investors believe currency will rise in the future.​ Suppose the nominal interest rate on a bond in Norway is 4%, but inflation in that country is 6%. That sounds like a bad deal for a Norwegian investor because by buying the bond their future real purchasing power would decline. However, if an American investor and thinks the Norwegian krone is going to increase 10% over the U.S. dollar, then buying these bonds is a good deal. As you might expect this is more of a theoretic possibility that something that occurs regularly in the real world. However, it did take place in Switzerland in the late 1970s, where investors bought negative nominal interest rate bonds because of the strength of the Swiss franc.

How to Diagnose Fluid Volume Deficit Signs and Care Plan

How to Diagnose Fluid Volume Deficit Signs and Care Plan SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Looking for information about fluid volume deficit? We’ve got you covered! In this article, we’ll explain the fluid volume deficit nursing diagnosis (AKA deficient fluid volume) and describe the causes, symptoms, and signs. We’ll also provide guidance on creating a fluid volume deficit care plan. What Is Fluid Volume Deficit? Fluid volume deficit (also known as deficient fluid volume or hypovolemia) describes the loss of extracellular fluid from the body. Extracellular fluid is the body fluid not contained within individual cells. It constitutes about 20% of our body weight and includes blood plasma, lymph, spinal cord fluid, and the fluid between cells. Importantly, this fluid isn’t just water- it also contains electrolytes and other essential solutes. Fluid volume deficit is often used interchangeably with the term â€Å"dehydration,† but they aren’t exactly the same thing. Dehydration refers specifically to the loss of body water as opposed to body fluid. What’s the difference? Electrolytes. If a patient has just lost water but no electrolytes, they’ll have slightly different issues- and require slightly different treatment- than a patient who has lost wholesale body fluids, which contains water and electrolytes. Well, some of these things are electrolytes. What Causes Fluid Volume Deficit? There are a number ways the body can lose fluid. Here are some major causes of deficient fluid volume: Blood loss from cuts/wounds Through the gastrointestinal system: vomiting and diarrhea Abnormally excessive urination (polyuria); can be caused by excessive intake of diuretic substances or medications or from renal disorder. Excessive sweating; typically sweating is more likely to cause dehydration than fluid volume deficit because the body generally expels far more water than electrolytes, but sweating can also cause deficient fluid volume in some cases. Bleeding disorders Burns (because the skin no longer protects against excessive fluid loss) The fluids in the body also constantly need to be replenished. Patients can experience deficient fluid volume if they aren’t taking in enough fluid. This is particularly an issue with infant and elderly patients. Patients can also experience fluid volume deficit if they are losing body fluids to a place inside the body where the fluid is not easily accessed by other organs and body systems; e.g. from edema or internal bleeding caused by trauma or as a complication of surgery. This is known as third spacing. Types of Fluid Volume Deficit While fluid volume deficit refers to the loss of both water and solutes from the body, there are three major types of fluid volume deficit: Isotonic: Caused by losing fluids and solutes about equally; solute concentration in the remaining extracellular fluid then remains relatively unchanged Hypertonic: Caused by losing more fluids than solutes, leading to increased solute concentration in the remaining fluid. Hypotonic: Caused by losing more solutes than fluid leading to decreased solute concentration in remaining fluid. This is the rarest type. The type of fluid volume deficit (as determined through lab work) may inform care, especially what fluids are offered to the patient to replace the lost fluid/solutes. She doesn't look very happy to be getting IV therapy. Signs and Symptoms of Fluid Volume Deficit There are a variety of fluid volume deficit signs and symptoms to check for. First we’ll discuss what major symptoms the patient may experience, and then address some ways to determine it the fluid volume deficit nursing diagnosis applies. Major Fluid Volume Deficit Signs Dizziness (orthostatic/postural hypotension) Decreased urination (oliguria) Dry mouth, dry skin Thirst and/or nausea Weight loss (except in third spacing, where the fluid will still be in the body but inaccessible) Muscle weakness and lethargy If fluid volume deficit is severe (more than 20% of body fluid volume is lost), the patient may go into hypovolemic shock. The more fluids that are lost, the more severe the symptoms will become. The following shock symptoms may manifest: Very pale skin Cool, clammy extremities (from the body trying to conserve blood flow to essential systems) Confusion and anxiety Rapid, weak pulse Fast, shallow breathing Unusual sweating Loss of consciousness Coma Get this tired dog some fluids, stat! How to Diagnose Fluid Volume Deficit There are a variety of indicators you can use to diagnose deficient fluid volume. (Well before the patient reaches coma stage!) Vital Signs Increased heart rate: with less fluid available to the circulatory system, the heart pumps faster to bring oxygen to the body. However, the pulse will also feel weaker than usual. Decreased blood pressure: in adults, lower fluid volume means lower pressure in the veins. However, note that children may still maintain high blood pressure when experiencing fluid volume deficit. You may also want to take the patient’s orthostatic vital signs (vital signs in both supine/lying down and standing positions). A decrease in the systolic blood pressure of 20 mmHg or more or in the diastolic blood pressure of 10mmHg or more when standing indicates fluid deficit. So does an increase in the heart rate of 20 bpm or more. Other Fluid Volume Deficit Signs and Symptoms Decreased skin turgor/tenting. If you pinch the patient’s skin on the back of the hand or forearm and it and â€Å"tents† for a moment before returning to normal instead of immediately snapping back into position, this is a sign of decreased fluid volume. However, because elderly individuals already have low skin elasticity, this is not a reliable test of fluid volume deficit for those patients. If you examine the tongue, you’ll most likely see several small furrows instead of the usual one main furrow. With severe fluid volume deficit, you will see signs of decreased tissue perfusion: the nail will take more than three seconds to return to normal coloration when pressed in a capillary refill nail test. Patient’s eyes may appear sunken. Skin may be pale. Neck veins will appear flat when the patient is laying back in a supine position. Lab Results BUN (blood urea nitrogen) to serum creatinine ratio in the blood will likely be abnormally elevated–20:1 or more. Urine specific gravity and osmolality will be elevated, indicating more highly concentrated urine. Urine may also appear a deep amber color, and there will be decreased urine output. Hematocrit (the percentage of red blood cells in blood plasma) increases (unless fluid was lost due to hemorrhage, in which case you would likely see a drop in hematocrit post-hemorrhage) Depending on the cause of the deficient fluid volume, you may also see: Hypokalemia (decreased potassium in the bloodstream) is commonly caused by vomiting, diarrhea, excessive sweating, or renal (kidney) disorder. Hyponatremia (decreased sodium in blood) OR hypernatremia (increased sodium in the blood) could be present depending on the types of fluid lost. An increase in vasopressin/antidiuretic hormone may also occur as the body constricts the blood vessels and retains remaining body fluid to maintain blood pressure. The other kind of lab! Potential Complications of Fluid Volume Deficit When left untreated, severe fluid volume deficit can lead to: Renal failure Heart failure General organ failure (from lack of oxygen) Death Even if patient’s life is saved through fluid infusion, if they reach the point of organ failure they may experience irreversible damage to some body systems. Fluid Volume Deficit Care Plan A nursing care plan is a written document that tracks what you have done and will do to take care of a particular patient’s individual needs. Nursing students generally need to create fairly detailed care plans fully from scratch at part of their training in order to learn nursing best practices and to practice the analytical skills critical for good nursing. However, if you are a working nurse, your place of work probably has a computer system that partially generates a care plan based on the input of the relevant nursing diagnoses. We'll go through the four parts of a nursing care plan (the diagnosis, goals for patient recovery, nursing orders or interventions, and evaluation) tailored to fluid volume deficit. We also have links to useful examples of completed fluid volume deficit care plans. Diagnosis First, you'll identify the relevant nursing diagnosis or diagnoses. Unlike medical diagnoses, which typically identify the specific medical condition at issue (i.e. diabetes, bronchitis, celiac disease), nursing diagnoses describe the more immediate and ongoing physical and psychological needs of the patient. According to the standards set by NANDA International, a nursing diagnosis is typically written in a three-part manner: first the diagnosis, then what the diagnosis is related to (its direct cause), and finally the evidence for that diagnosis. You can reference the common direct causes and diagnostic signs and symptoms of fluid volume deficit as noted above for help creating your diagnostic statement. An example fluid volume deficit nursing diagnosis statement might look something like this: â€Å"Fluid volume deficit related to diarrhea and vomiting secondary to gastroenteritis as evidenced by decreased skin turgor, low blood pressure, and decreased urine output.† â€Å"Risk for fluid volume deficit† or â€Å"risk for deficient fluid volume† is a slightly different nursing diagnosis that can be used to describe patients who, while not yet exhibiting serious signs of fluid volume deficit, are at particular risk of developing the issue. A risk nursing diagnosis only has two parts: the diagnosis (â€Å"risk for fluid volume deficit†) is related to whatever the cause of the potential future issue is (â€Å"diarrhea and vomiting†). So the risk diagnosis would be â€Å"risk for fluid volume deficit related to diarrhea and vomiting.† The patient may also have other nursing diagnoses in addition to fluid volume deficit. These should be included in the care plan. Any other diagnoses you made would be specific to the patient and based on a head-to-toe assessment (coming soon). I diagnose this owl with incredible cuteness. Goals The overall goal of a nursing care plan for a stable patient with deficient fluid volume is to safely restore fluids and necessary electrolytes to the body, but you’ll want to be more specific than that. Good goals for your care plan should be specific to the patient and measurable (so you can definitively assess whether the goal has been met). Depending on the patient, here are some example goals that might be appropriate for treating fluid volume deficit. Patient is no longer deficient in fluid volume as evidenced by: Urine output of at least 30 mL/hour (720 mL/day) Systolic blood pressure restored to patient baseline (or 90 mmHg) Patient heart rate of 60-100 bpm (or patient baseline) Improved skin turgor Normal BUN and hematocrit lab values Orders/Interventions While the particular interventions you choose in your care plan should be tailored to the patient and the severity of their condition, here are some potentially appropriate nursing interventions for fluid volume deficit. Note that some of these deficient fluid volume interventions are not highly specific because they would need to be tailored to the individual patient. If you do use these interventions in a care plan, be sure to select appropriate benchmarks for the patient and add more information. Administer intravenous fluid therapy as prescribed; monitor fluid replacement levels closely to ensure patient does not experience fluid overload Administer blood transfusion products as prescribed Offer electrolyte-rich oral fluids (like a sports drink) if tolerated/appropriate; assist patient in drinking if necessary Assess patient mental state for signs of confusion/agitation Provide oral hygiene to patient at least two times a day (so patient can respond to the sensation of thirst) Maintain record of patient intake and output of fluids Weigh patient daily in the same clothes on the same scale Monitor lab values: hematocrit (assess every 30 mins to 4 hours as appropriate); BUN to creatinine; others as appropriate Monitor skin turgor and moisture of mucous membranes Monitor vital signs (blood pressure and heart rate), including orthostatic vital signs Assess amount, color, and osmolality of urine Provide necessary education about maintaining appropriate hydration to patient Patient can name fluid volume deficit symptoms that indicate a need to seek medical care Evaluation In your fluid volume deficit care plan, you’ll use this section to track what interventions and orders were successfully implemented, assess patient progress towards the goals, and evaluate whether each of the fluid volume deficit interventions (and interventions for any other diagnoses you made) described in the plan should be ceased, continued, or revised. Well, this dog seems pretty happy with how everything is going. Example Fluid Volume Deficit Care Plans There are several sources of example care fluid volume deficit care plans. Here are some you may find useful: Prenhall Nursing Care Plan- Deficient Fluid Volume This example nursing plan is free supplemental material from a Prentice Hall nursing textbook. It offers a detailed case study with a nursing care plan for fluid volume deficit tailored to the particular patient. Nursing Concept Blogspot- Deficient Fluid Volume This care plan is quite detailed and offers explanations and rationale for lots of different potential nursing interventions for fluid volume deficit. Additionally, it segments out which interventions might be appropriate for different patient populations. Nurses Labs Deficient Fluid Volume Care Plan This is a very detailed care plan with detailed suggestions for nursing assessment and nursing interventions, along with rationales. It could be a helpful resource for students who need to write rationales for their care plans. Nurses Labs- Hypovolemic Shock Care Plan This care plan is specifically for addressing hypovolemic shock caused by fluid volume deficit, with specific interventions. RN Speak Hypovolemia Nursing Management This isn’t a complete care plan, but it does offer lots of specific assessment and interventions that could be incorporated into a fluid volume deficit nursing care plan. RN Central Fluid Volume Deficit Care Plan This care plan is laid out similarly to the computer care plans generated in hospitals, where the nurse simply selects the relevant components of the diagnosis, outcome, and interventions. It’s not very detailed but it gives a good idea of how quick care plans are generated in the field. Delmar Learning Fluid Volume Concept Map This isn’t laid out like a traditional care plan. However, nursing students may find it helpful as it lays out how all of the different parts of the fluid volume deficit care plan are conceptually related to each other. Plans are very important! Key Takeaways: Fluid Volume Deficit â€Å"Fluid volume deficit† (which is the same as â€Å"deficient fluid volume† or hypovolemia) is a nursing diagnosis that describes a loss of extracellular fluid from the body. Gastrointestinal issues, blood loss (internal or external), inadequate fluid intake, and renal disorder are all things that can place a patient at risk for fluid volume deficit. There are a variety of signs and symptoms of fluid volume deficit you can look for, including dizziness, dry mouth and skin, thirst and/or nausea, low blood pressure, and an increased heart rate. If the fluid loss is very serious, the patient will go into hypovolemic shock and you might see the following severe fluid volume deficit symptoms: Pallor, confusion, cool/clammy extremities, fainting, and even coma. Deficient fluid volume can be diagnosed through a combination of observation and assessment of patient body systems, vital signs, and lab work. Finally, we also discussed how to make a fluid volume deficit care plan and listed potential goals, outcomes, and nursing intervention. The main deficient fluid volume interventions are to monitor the patient’s fluid levels and safely restore the lost fluid. What's Next? Looking for a blood pressure chart? We've got you covered. If you're looking for ICD-10 codes, we have the codes for abdominal pain and diabetes. Got a patient with shingles? We have pictures of the infamous rash, common shingles treatments, and some methods of transmission to avoid. Need help converting fluid measurements? Find out how many cups four quarts is here.

'In company reporting, the measurement of the amount of impairment of Essay - 1

'In company reporting, the measurement of the amount of impairment of many types of assets is so subjective as to be meaningless - Essay Example Some assets can't be reported simply, so the subjectivity arises from the choice of impairment modeling and accounting presentation: Like trying to map a 3-dimensional sphere on a 2-dimensional plane, inevitable distortions crop up no matter what approach one takes to presenting the data. Yet other assets, while objectively declining in value, do so at a rate that is impossible to determine, so any presentation is subjective because it is a choice as to what data to include and what not to, what prediction to make. Yet even this incomplete, subjective picture is far from meaningless for investors, auditors and stakeholders. Asset impairment is defined as, â€Å"An unexpected or sudden decline in the service utility of a capital asset, such as a factory, property or vehicle. This could be the result of physical damage to the asset, obsolescence due to technological innovation, or changes to the legal code. Impairments can be written off† (InvestorWords, 2011). Assets can declin e for a variety of reasons. Simple wear and tear can make an asset less than its expected new or even used value: For example, a vehicle that operated in difficult conditions such as snow or sand could be below the expected market value for a vehicle of that age. In this sense, asset depreciation is a subset of asset impairment. But this determination can be subjective: It requires guessing the cost of the additional damage which could vary from potential buyer to potential buyer. Technological innovation can make some objects obsolete: Certainly, computers have obsolescence and an incredibly high rate of turnover. But anticipating that requires expecting Moore's Law to continue operating, as well as treating the computer as a unified asset, yet different parts of the computer depreciate at different rates and accounting standards are always changing to reflect that for different electronics (Ward, 2011). A legal change could make a piece of machinery become illegal in a particular country, but then the asset could be sold elsewhere, which could require a degree of subjective currency anticipation and assessment of liquidation risk and benefit. This is why goodwill is recognized as the standard for impairment of many assets, and it is commonly accepted that there is a great degree of subjectivity in making this determination. â€Å"We are facing a new era of economic development with a growing significance of intangible assets. Goodwill constitutes a significant asset for numerous companies, especially those which are operating in high technology industries. According to the growing importance of intangibles there has also been a significant change in standards associated with accounting for goodwill† (Jerman and Manzin, 2006). In particular, using fair value accounting for goodwill and for determining the need for disclosures leads to inherent subjectivity: â€Å"The fair value may be determined by using different approaches such as using available ma rket prices, present value techniques, prices for similar assets and other valuation techniques. Users of financial information should consider that market values are not always on disposal. Consequently fair value estimates are based on subjective judgment† (Jerman and Manzin, 2006, 222-223). One of the reasons why there is so much subjectivity is because investors rightly demand disclosures of

Argument paper for american political science Essay

Argument paper for american political science - Essay Example As important as freedom of speech is to facilitating liberal public discourse in a democracy, there are certainly limits that most democratic countries have considered reasonable to place on that right. Freedom of expression has been subject to reasonable time, place and manner restrictions designed to accommodate the dissemination of ideas in a way that does not hurt people or threaten the security and well being of society. Lewd and obscene, profane, libelous or slanderous expressions are all categories that have been considered ripe for government regulation in liberal democracies. So-called "fighting words," those aimed at inciting violence or breach of peace, have also been restricted (Beauharnais v. People of State of Illinois, 1952). One cannot, nor should they reasonably expect to be allowed to, yell "fire" in a crowded theater when no such emergency exists. Such limitations on speech are consistent with the spirit and intent of the First Amendment, which arguably was intende d by the Framers of the Constitution to protect a free and open public discourse from government intrusion. This essay goes on to discuss these and other reasonably acceptable limitations on free speech in liberal democracies. Restricted Speech under the First Amendment There is a vast body of American jurisprudence that addresses the extent to which the government can constitutionally abridge speech and other forms of expression. The U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted the First Amendment numerous times, and in so doing has clearly defined the scope of the freedom of speech and the extent to which government may limit it. In summary, the general rule is that all speech is presumably protected unless the government has an important, substantial and content-neutral interest in limiting it, and that limit is narrowly tailored to the interest. According to the Supreme Court, "Government regulation of expressive conduct is sufficiently justified if it is within the constitutional power of the government, if it furthers an important or substantial governmental interest, if the governmental interest is unrelated to suppression of free expression, and if the incidental restriction on alleged First Amendment freedoms is not greater than is essential to furth erance of that interest" (Barnes v. Glen Theater, Inc., 1991). That general rule raises a host of other questions around what is meant by "important" or "substantial" interest, what is considered a "content-neutral" restriction, etc. All of these more miniscule issues have been addressed by the Court. Ultimately, at least in the United States' version of liberal democracy, the government has been able to regulate speech under many circumstances when doing so furthers legitimate and reasonable interests. Such forms of expression as pornography, commercial speech (advertisements), political campaign donations, and others have been reasonably restricted within the U.S. These kinds of limitations are arguably appropriate and necessary for an ordered society in which a balance is sought between the need for openness and free thought and expression, and the need for people to be able to live comfortably and securely. Liberal democracy is not anarchy. It does not mean that people can say or do

Communications Coordinator Essay Example for Free

Communications Coordinator Essay As the Communication Coordinator for this national drug manufacturer, today we will need to brainstorm and discuss how we will address the negative effects that our medication are causing to the public. The local news has already started a witch hunt by allegedly reporting that one of our local officials has suffered from adverse side effects from our medications. How can we address the public regarding this issue without losing business and the trust we created with our investors and our consumers? In today’s meeting we will decide which communication tactic is the most suitable for this situation, while making sure that we stay within the HIPPA guidelines. We will start by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of using traditional media. Traditional media can include newspapers, magazines, radio, and television. There are some great advantages n whey these media outlets would be great in reaching our audience regarding this health scare. Two great traditional methods are newspapers and magazines; they can help because we can be precise and explicit when discussing our issues. Additionally, these methods would provide use with a permanent record of our attempt to reach the public (Advantages and Disadvantages of written communication, 2012). Two other good traditional methods are radio and television. These methods are great because they are very cost effective and will allow us to reach our audience directly and will allow us to show emotion and concern regarding this matter. All of these methods seem like they would work but there are disadvantages with sticking to traditional media outlets instead of using electronic or social media sites. Some valid concerns we have with using electronic or social media sites. Some main concerns we have with using traditional media is that it can only reach a limited amount of people and we are restricted to a small scope of listeners and readers. In addition, feedback is not immediate like electronic or social media sites.

Biography of Rudyard Kipling Essay -- Rudyard Kipling Writers Authors

Biography of Rudyard Kipling 1865 - Kipling is born in Bombay, India. 1871 - Kipling and his younger sister Alice are separated from their parents and sent to England to be educated. 1878 - Kipling enters public school in North Devon. 1882 - Kipling ends his formal education and returns to India to become a trainee journalist. 1886 - Publication of Departmental Ditties. Kipling begins to make a name for himself as a young writer of some repute. 1887 - Soldiers Three, In Black and White, The Phantom Rickshaw, Wee Willie Winkle, The Story of the Gadsbys, and the stories later collected in The Smith Administration, The City of Dreadful Night, and Letters of Marque, were all written and published. 1889 - Kipling returns to London and embarks upon a decade of rising fame and extreme productivity. Kim, The Jungle Book, Stalky and Co., Captain’s Courageous , The Seven Seas and The Days Work are all published to great success. 1891- Marries Caroline Balestrier and emigrates to the USA 1899 - Death of first born child, Josephine, in New York. 1900 - Begins sojourn in South Africa. Becomes leading proponent of the Boer War. 1908 - Greatly disillusioned by the Liberal governments policy in South Africa, Kipling returns to England. 1914 - World War one begins. Kipling believes his long-held suspicion of the Germans has been justified. He once more becomes an enthusiastic proponent of the British war effort. 1915 - Kipling’s 18 year old son John disappears in battle. Kipling never really recovers from the loss. Kipling is diagnosed with the ailments that would later kill him. 1... ...nsued when John Kipling disappeared in action only a month after his arrival. Kipling saw the subsequent settlement at Versailles as another betrayal, mocking the sacrifices of the fallen allies. For his remaining two decades, he endured constant pain and discomfort from a series of misdiagnosed stomach ailments. In his autobiography Something of Myself (1935) , Kipling makes no mention of his years of suffering, just as he also avoids mention of the other tragedies in his life. He continued to write, and to develop his art, right up until the end of his life. He died in January 1936. Works Cited Kipling, Rudyard. Something of Myself and Other Autobiographical Writings, ed. Thomas Pinney. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Sullivan, Zoreh T. Narratives of Empire : The Fictions of Rudyard Kipling. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Medical/Nursing Research and Identify Associated Dilemmas, Analyze the History of Ethics and Research, and Identify Areas of Conflict Between Research and Ethics

Ethics and Research Paper Brandi McCord University of Phoenix (online) In my paper I plan to address the advantages and disadvantages of medical/nursing research and Identify associated dilemmas, analyze the history of ethics and research, and identify areas of conflict between research and ethics. Ethics is defined as the rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the member of a profession. Research is defined as any gathering of data, information and facts for the advancement of knowledge. We live in a world today where there are new advancements in the medical field on a daily basis but there are many of advantages and disadvantages that can follow the research in which they do to get to where they need to go in their research and advancements. The benefits and risks of participating in a trial can vary depending on the type and purpose of each individual trial they run. Some advantages of clinical trials which are done for the purpose of testing medicine, medical devices and treatments that are made available for human health. I have listed below some of the advantages in doing this: Those who they choose to use for these trials can try whatever it is they may be testing at the time free of charge. This can also include treating someone for a medical condition that otherwise could be very expensive. The medical team in which is conducting the study will closely monitor you You are getting the chance to be a part of medical research that could result in huge advancements in medicine or therapy that could not only help you but others as well. You will be reimbursed for any expenses you may have during the study you participate in. You could be the one of the first people to have access to a major medical breakthrough for a treatment. Though there are many advantages there are also many disadvantages. I have listed the disadvantages below: The research or trial you choose to participate in may be or become very time consuming. This could take time away from you and your family. If you are currently taking any medication or may need to get put on medication you will not be able to unless approved to do so. This could affect your health if they cannot approve what you may need to take. The activities you are accustom to whether by yourself or with your family such as drinking, sexual activity, sports, reproduction function and more could all be effected and maybe even put on hold for awhile. You also take the risk of your health being affected worse if you have a reaction to whatever trial you may be testing. Next I would like to analyze the history of ethics and research. The history of research dates back to the first human subject being used in 1946, when an American military tribunal opened criminal proceedings against German physicians and administrators for their participation in war crimes and crimes against the human race. During this time the German physicians were performing medical experiments on concentration camp prisoners without the prisoners knowing anything of it because they had not gotten their consent to do such things to them. Most of the prisoners died or became crippled do to the things they experimented on them. The result of this is what brought on the Nuremberg Code the first international document which stated that â€Å"The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential,† this made it clear to everyone that any person used in an experiment must give their consent and the benefits of the research should outweigh the risks. Research with humans should be based on the results from laboratory and animal experimentation. Research protocols should be reviewed by an independent committee prior to initiation. Informed consent from participants is a must. Research should be conducted by medically/scientifically qualified individuals Risks should not outweigh benefits of the experiment. In 1979 the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavior Research prepared the Belmont Report. This report consists of basic ethical principles and guidelines that should assist in resolving the ethical problems that surround the conduct of research with human subjects. This report consists of three basic ethical principles and their corresponding applications they are as follows: Respect for others (individuals should be treated as autonomous agents and persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection) Beneficence (human subjects should not be harmed, research should maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harms) Justice (the benefits and risks of research must be distributed fairly) Application Informed consent (subjects, to the degree that they are capable, must be given the opportunity to choose what shall or shall not happen to them and the consent process must include three main elements – information, comprehension, and voluntariness) Assessment of risks and benefits (the nature and scope of risks and benefits must be assessed in a systemic manner) Selection of subjects (there must be fair procedures and outcomes in the selection of research subjects) Though we have come a long way within our research of human subject and experiments being done allowing us to make huge breakthroughs in medicine today there are also many areas of conflict concerning this matter. I would have to say the area of stem cell research and using a baby’s cord blood has been one of the biggest areas of conflict I have seen. Though I really do not agree nor disagree with this subject it can save lives. In conclusion I would like to say in our research today we have saved and killed many lives. We deal with many advantages and disadvantages regarding research and the ethical side of it. The use of humans for research has caused a lot of conflict throughout the U. S. I believe that though it may be unethical in some ways to use human subjects for research if it were not for them doing such things I would not be a cancer survivor. I do not believe in harming people by no means but I do feel if you have consent and the person has offered themselves to help save the lives of others then why not? We all want to lend a helping hand to another person at some point in our lives just think how it make those people feel who actually help save lives. References http://www. sanctr. gov University of Las Vegas Division of Research and Graduate Studies http://ask. com http://www. questia. com

Fischer Esterification Conclusion

Barry Allahyar Dr. Dodd CHEM 2122 2010-09-16 Experiment 19: Fischer Esterification, Conclusion The objective in this experiment was to efficiently perform an Fischer esterification of 1-butanol and acetic acid to form water and n-butyl acetate, and to confirm the esterification using IR spectroscopy analysis. It was found that 0. 734 grams of n-butyl acetate was formed with a percent yield of 61%. The product was confirmed using IR spectroscopy and boiling point confirmation.The reaction mechanism for this specific reaction was as follows: First the protonation of a carbonyl oxygen activates the carboxylic acid towards nucleophillic attack by the alcohol yielding a tetrahedral intermediate, in which there are two equivalent hydroxyl groups. One of these hydroxyl groups is eliminated after a proton shift (tautomerism) to give water and the ester. The reaction is a nucleophillic acylsubstitution carried out under acidic conditions of acetic acid and Dowex was also used for supplying pr otons.The alcohol used was 1-butanol which limits the ester to a side butyl chain. After completing the esterification, it was found that 0. 734 grams of n-butyl acetate was formed with a percent yield of 61%. The product was confirmed using IR spectroscopy and boiling point confirmation. The IR spectroscopy graph showed the characteristic Ester–1735 cm-1 (C=O) strong absorption, and lacked any broad O-H peak at 3300-2500 cm-1 confirming the product as an ester.The boiling point of the final product at 121. Â °C closely matched to the theoretical boiling point of n-Butyl acetate, 126 Â °C. Although our experiment produced a satisfactory yield of n-butyl acetate, a number of errors could have occurred in this experiment which could have limited the amount of desired product yielded. First, if not enough acid catalyst was used, protonation of the carbonyl group on the carboxylic acid would have been difficult to obtain. Second, if the temperature was too high in heating the m ixture, reflux would not occur, not allowing the solvent to boil and then recondense back into the Dean-Stark trap.

Corporal Punishment essays

Corporal Punishment essays Whenever political rallies, television talk shows or magazine articles focus on the theme of living as an adult in todays world, there are always several of the same themes that are brought up in each. Morals respect and basic human rights are prime examples. Unfortunately, all three are not fully considered when we talk about another issue corporal punishment. Because, as it stands, the values that adults employ when dealing with each other are not the same as those they hold when children are involved. The issue was raised most recently when several members of the Christian Church asked for the return of corporal punishment, claiming that the ban violates parents rights to discipline their children. To this, I have only one response if every parent had an open relationship with their child, schools would not even have to consider such actions. A decision of this magnitude should, in my opinion, be viewed from a psychological viewpoint rather than a religious one. The first ten years of a childs life are the foundations the rest of their judgement is built upon. That goes a long way to explaining why, in todays society, violence has become a reinforced lifestyle. The effects themselves are not something any parent would want to associate with their child very often corporal punishment is seen by the child as recognition for the bad deed. That is one common occurrence. The other involves children who are subjected to corporal punishment being seen as inferior by their peers. Low self-esteem is a scar that humiliation and embarrassment imprint. The child is only punished for their deed once, but the results stay with them for a lifetime. My definition of a school is a place of learning. My definition of learning does not include fear and humiliation. I know of very few adults who would be able to live with a threat like corporal punishment hanging over th ...

Do Colleges Use PSAT Scores?

Most generally, the PSAT/NMSQT (literally Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude Test / National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test) serves as practice for the SAT. This test is usually taken in the first semester of 11th grade, while the newer versions, which include PSAT 10 and PSAT 8/9 , are taken in 10th and 8th or 9th grades respectively. Since you probably won’t be taking the SAT before your junior year, the latter tests serve as measures for what you’re learning and indicate whether you’re on track for college. Colleges usually don’t see your PSAT scores. In most cases, just you and your high school are able to see the report. These reports offer details on your performance in different areas and can help you determine which areas you need to improve and hone your practicing. Your PSAT/NMSQT scores may enter you in the National Merit Scholarship Program if you take the test as an 11th grader. Your scores may also be used as qualifiers for other scholarships. So while college probably won’t see your PSAT scores, that doesn’t mean they don’t matter. The earlier you take the PSAT, the more likely your score will change when you take the SAT. That’s one reason why it’s not the most solid indicator of your SAT performance, though it can show you where you should focus your practice efforts. When you receive your report, you’ll see college readiness benchmarks that indicate how prepared you are for a college curriculum. Still, remember that you have more than a year and a half of high school education, so there’s plenty of time to improve. Check out Are PSAT Scores Related to SAT Scores? for more information on how your results on the tests correlate. You raw scores, or total number questions you answered correctly, are converted to a score on a scale of 160–760 for each section, for a total of 320–1520. The tests themselves mirror the SAT and include Reading, Writing and Language, and Math. You will also see subscores for specific skill sets and percentiles that indicate how you did relative to others taking the same test. For instance, if you scored in the 80th percentile, you scored better than 80 percent of test takers. Whatever your personal goals and objectives are for the PSAT, you should definitely aim to exceed the College Readiness Benchmarks. The good news is that if you don’t, you have time to improve for the SAT. Each skill will be color-coded according to when you’ve reached the benchmark. Green means you’ve met or exceed it in that area, yellow means you’re approaching the benchmark, and red means you need to strengthen your skills in the area. With our free SAT guide, you'll get ’s top tips for mastering the SAT. Enter your name and email below to download the checklist. As we’ve discussed, colleges don’t typically pay attention to PSAT results. In most cases, they won’t even see your results. However, you shouldn’t blow off the test. It can help you a lot in preparing for the SAT and understanding your college readiness and where you need to improve. If you take the PSAT seriously and prepare for it as though you were taking the SAT, you may have a less stressful admissions and financial aid process. Doing well can also boost your confidence, since scoring well can alleviate fears that you might not do well on the SAT, and the practice can help you cope with test anxiety before the tests colleges will see. Think of it as a rehearsal for the real test. Your PSAT scores can also help you win scholarships. The National Merit Scholarship Corporation cosponsors the test and will automatically receive your results. (Check out How to Qualify for the National Merit Scholarship Program for information on the award.) Some other scholarship committees, including National Hispanic Recognition Program, the National Scholarship Service, and Telluride Seminar Scholarships, use these results, too, although you may elect to not have them sent. Ultimately, you shouldn’t underestimate the importance of the PSAT. It can help you a lot with practicing, studying, preparation and, ultimately, getting into college. Looking for some help with acing the SAT? The SAT Tutoring Program will help you achieve top scores on your test. We’ll pair you with two private tutors, one for English and writing, and one for math and science. All of our tutors have scored in the 99th percentile on the section they are teaching and are chosen based on teaching skills and ability to relate to their students.

CIS329 Week 123 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CIS329 Week 123 - Assignment Example b) The type of hardware and site of installation should also be part of checklist. The hardware type can be used to solve compatibility issues with other hardware while installation site will ensure that adequate space is chosen for the occupancy of the hardware equipment (General 2011). a) In terms of user interface, win 7 supported touch screen although it was not perfect or ideal, that is, it did not have control features that are sufficiently good. Win 8 on the other hand has improved touch screen support. An example is that of desktop which is far better in such a way that the user can close window and be able to choose menu items without any problem. b) Windows8 also has improved performance in terms of short response time as compared to win7 since it has quicker ways of opening the target programs rather than just relying on menus given that the interface is built for touch. The additional advanced features of windows 8 also make it safer in terms of security features than win 7. a) It is necessary to bypass the use of digital signatures to validate or protect device drivers in situations where non-embedded intelligent Guards against Disasters (iGADs) does not have device driver. b) In the case where non embedded iGAD do not have, one or more disaster management applications is used to run on some platforms and thus digital signatures may not be necessary for protection (Liu et al., 2013). a) The key guideline that one should meet in order to justify an administrator’s decision to bypass the use of digital signatures when validating device drivers is the design guideline. This is because the design guideline has the basics of ensuring that many levels of security and dependability are open, modular and cost effective(Di Sarno, 2011). a) Both software restriction policy and AppLocker use group policy for domain management. Nevertheless, AppLocker takes precedence over software restriction policy on computer running windows